Preventative solution and method of use

ABSTRACT

A preventative solution includes an aqueous base, 1 wt % to 6 wt % titanium dioxide having an average particle size of not greater than 100 nm, 0.5 wt % to 20 wt % alcohol having 2 to 4 carbons, and 3 wt % to 15 wt % of a binding agent. The preventative solution can be dispersed using a fogger, for example, sequentially with an odor neutralizing solution or a disinfectant solution.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION(S)

The present application is a continuation-in-part of U.S. applicationSer. No. 14/822,011, filed Aug. 10, 2015, entitled “PREVENTATIVESOLUTION AND METHOD OF USE,” which is a continuation-in-part of U.S.application Ser. No. 13/838,276 (now U.S. Pat. No. 9,101,675), filedMar. 15, 2013, entitled “PREVENTATIVE SOLUTION AND METHOD OF USE,” whichis a continuation-in-part of U.S. application Ser. No. 13/005,533 (nowU.S. Pat. No. 8,815,788), filed Jan. 12, 2011, entitled “AEROSOLDEODORIZER,” which claims priority from U.S. Provisional PatentApplication No. 61/296,356, filed Jan. 19, 2010, entitled “BACTERIACOLONY GROWTH INHIBITOR IN EASILY APPLIED FORM,” and claims priorityfrom U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 61/380,455, filed Sep. 7,2010, entitled “NANODEX—A DISPENSING DEVICE CONTAINING A MATERIALCAPABLE OF COMBATING NITROGENOUS MALODORS BY ADDITION ELIMIATIONREACTION, SALT FORMATION AND SOLVENT-INDUCED MIGRATION,” whichapplications are incorporated by reference herein in their entirety.

FIELD OF THE DISCLOSURE

This disclosure, in general, relates to solutions having deodorizingproperties and, in particular, solutions having deodorizing propertiesthat may be applied as an aerosol or fog.

BACKGROUND

From the dawn of the modern age many people have at one time or anothercontemplated ways to cope with or eliminate malodorous air or infectiouscontamination. A number of methods have been employed, including burningcandles, use of incense, opening windows, use of fans, sprayingfragrances or other masking agents, or any combination thereof. Suchmethods are generally ineffective and a nuisance to implement.

Odors are a particular annoyance and in closed small spaces. Forexample, people are increasingly spending time in cars, trackingcontaminants in and out of cars, and eating in cars. In addition, airleaks from outside the car and can introduce malodors into the enclosedspace within a car. Such malodors can accumulate within the car, makingtravel within the vehicle unpleasant.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The present disclosure may be better understood, and its numerousfeatures and advantages made apparent to those skilled in the art byreferencing the accompanying drawings.

FIG. 1 includes an illustration of an exemplary spray bottle.

FIG. 2 includes an illustration of an exemplary aerosol spray.

FIG. 3, FIG. 4, and FIG. 5 include graph illustrations of deodorizerperformance.

FIG. 6 includes an illustration of an exemplary system and method fortreating a space.

The use of the same reference symbols in different drawings indicatessimilar or identical items.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

In an embodiment, a preventative solution includes a nano-sized titaniumdioxide particulate and a binding agent dispersed in an aqueoussolution. In an example, the binding agent is water-miscible and forms acoating upon drying. In another example, the binding agent is in theform of an emulsion. The solution may also include an alcohol, such asan ethyl alcohol or an isopropyl alcohol. In an example, thepreventative solution can be applied in aerosol form or a fog.

In another embodiment, an odor neutralizing solution includes an aqueousbase, an organic acid, a surfactant, an organic ester, and an ethyleneglycol ether. Optionally, the solution can include a fragrance. Inanother example, the solution can include a dispersed polymer. Theorganic ester can be derived from a carboxylic acid having at least fourcarbons. The surfactant can be a nonionic surfactant or an anionicsurfactant. An exemplary organic acid includes citric acid. The solutioncan be applied in aerosol form or as a fog.

In a first embodiment, a preventative solution can prevent or limitbacterial growth and can include an aqueous base, titanium dioxide, analcohol, and a binding agent. As described in detail below, the aqueoussolution can be sprayed or aerosolized and applied to a surface.Alternatively, the preventative solution can be applied with a cloth,sponge, or rag. Once applied to a surface, the preventative solutionforms a preventative coating.

In an example, the preventative solution includes titanium dioxideparticulate, such as microcrystalline titanium dioxide particulate. Thetitanium dioxide particulate may have an average primary particle sizeof 1 nanometer to 1000 nanometer, such as not greater than 100nanometers. For example, the titanium dioxide particulate may have aprimary particle size of not greater than 60 nanometers, such as notgreater than 50 nanometers. Further, the titanium dioxide particulatemay have an average particle size of at least 3 nanometers, such as atleast 10 nanometers, or at least 30 nanometers. The solution may includethe titanium dioxide particulate in an amount of 0.5 wt % to 30 wt %based on the weight of the preventative solution, such as an amount of 1wt % to 6 wt %, an amount of 2 wt % to 6 wt %, or an amount of 3 wt % to6 wt %.

In addition, the preventative solution may include an alcohol, such as alow molecular weight alcohol. For example, the alcohol may include analcohol having between 2 and 6 carbons, such as between 2 and 4 carbons.In an example, the alcohol is ethanol. In another example, the alcoholis isopropyl alcohol. The alcohol may be present in the solution in anamount of 0.5 wt % to 20 wt % based on the total weight of thepreventative solution, such as an amount of 0.5 wt % to 5 wt %, anamount of 0.5 wt % to 3 wt %, or amount of 0.5 wt % to 2 wt % based onthe total weight of the preventative solution.

In addition, the preventative solution includes a binding agent. Thebinding agent can include a polymer or a wax. In an example, when thepreventative solution is applied to a surface and the water evaporates,the binding agent may dry or cure, forming a coating on the surface andpossibly securing the titanium dioxide to the surface. In an example,the binding agent is included in an amount of 1 wt % to 20 wt % based onthe total weight of the preventative solution, such as an amount of 3 wt% to 15 wt %, 5 wt % to 15 wt %, 7 wt % to 15 wt %, or even 8 wt % to 15wt % based on the total weight of the preventative solution.Alternatively, the binding agent can be included in an amount in a rangeof 0.5 wt % to 3 wt %, such as a range of 0.5 wt % to 2 wt %.

The polymer may be water-miscible polymer or may be emulsified withinthe aqueous base. An exemplary polymer includes polyethylene glycol,polypropylene glycol, polyvinyl chloride, polyvinyl acetate,partially-hydrolyzed polyvinyl acetate, ethylene vinyl acetatecopolymer, polyvinyl alcohol, polyester such as polyethyleneterephthalate (PET), polycarbonate, polyacrylate, acrylic esters,polyacrylonitrile, hydrolyzed polyacrylonitrile, polyolefin such aspolyethylene, polypropylene, or blends or copolymers thereof, polyamidesuch as Nylon, polysiloxanes, polyurethane, a product of polyethylenediamine and adipic acid, fluoropolymer, or blends or copolymers thereof,or any combination thereof. For example, the polymer may be an acrylicpolymer. In another example, the polymer is polyvinyl acetate. In afurther example, the polymer is a silicone polymer. In another example,the polymer is polyurethane. In an additional example, the polymer is apolyamide. In a further example, the polymer is a polyvinyl chloride. Inan additional example, the polymer is a poly alkyl glycol, such aspolyethylene glycol or polypropylene glycol. Further, the polymer may bea polyolefin, such as polyethylene or polypropylene. An exemplaryfluoropolymer can be formed of a homopolymer, copolymer, terpolymer, orpolymer blend formed from a monomer, such as tetrafluoroethylene,hexafluoropropylene, chlorotrifluoroethylene, trifluoroethylene,vinylidene fluoride, vinyl fluoride, perfluoropropyl vinyl ether,perfluoromethyl vinyl ether, or any combination thereof. An exemplaryfluoropolymer includes polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), a fluorinatedethylene propylene copolymer (FEP), a copolymer of tetrafluoroethyleneand perfluoropropyl vinyl ether (perfluoroalkoxy or PFA), a copolymer oftetrafluoroethylene and perfluoromethyl vinyl ether (MFA), a copolymerof ethylene and tetrafluoroethylene (ETFE), a copolymer of ethylene andchlorotrifluoroethylene (ECTFE), polychlorotrifluoroethylene (PCTFE),poly vinylidene fluoride (PVDF), a terpolymer includingtetrafluoroethylene, hexafluoropropylene, and vinylidenefluoride (THV),or any blend or any alloy thereof. In particular, the polymer dries orcures to form a UV transparent coating.

In another example, the binding agent includes a wax. For example, thewax can be a long chain fatty acid ester wax. The wax can have a meltingpoint in a range of 35° C. to 75° C., such as a range of 35° C. to 50°C. In particular, the wax can be a sterol wax, such as a fatty acidester of a sterol, e.g., lanolin. In another example, the wax can be alinear alcohol wax, such as cetyl palmitate.

Optionally, the preventative solution can include an emulsifier orsurfactant, for example, in an amount of 0.1% to 10%, such as an amountof 0.3 wt % to 9 wt %, or 2 wt % to 8 wt %. The surfactant can be anonionic surfactant, an anionic surfactant, a polymeric surfactant, acationic surfactant, or any combination thereof. In a particularexample, the surfactant includes a nonionic surfactant, such as anethoxylate based surfactant. In another example, the surfactant can be amonoether of polyalkylglycol, such as a monoether of polyethyleneglycol. In particular, the polyethylene glycol of the monoether can havebetween 3 and 24 ethylene glycol units, such as between 3 and 10, orbetween 3 and 5 ethylene glycol units. For example, the surfactant canbe tetraethylene glycol monododecyl ether, pentaethylene glycolmonododecyl ether, octaethylene glycol monododecyl ether, or acombination thereof.

In a further example, the preventative solution can include asolvent/emulsifier, such as dialkylammonium alkanoate, for example,diethylammonium acetate, which can act as to bind malodorous compoundssuch as tar, or solvate greasy compounds. The solvent can be included inan amount of 0.1% to 10% by weight, such as 0.5% to 10% by weight or0.5% to 8% by weight.

The preventative solution may also include quaternary ammonium salts. Anexemplary quaternary ammonium salts includes benzalkonium chloride,alkyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride, alkyl alkoxyl diethylammoniumdihydrogen phosphate, diallyl dimethyl ammonium acetate, or anycombination thereof. The quaternary ammonium salt may be included inamount of not greater than 5 wt %, not greater than 4 wt %, or even notgreater than 3 wt % based on the total weight of the preventativesolution. For example, the quaternary ammonium salt can be included inan amount in a range of 0.1 wt % to 2 wt %, such as a range of 0.3 wt %to 1.0 wt %.

In addition, the preventative solution can include an antifungal agent.For example, the antifungal agent can be included in an amount of 0.01%to 5%, such as an amount of 0.01 wt % to 0.5 wt %, a range of 0.01 wt %to 0.1 wt %, or a range of 0.02 wt % to 0.7 wt % based on the totalweight of the preventative solution. An exemplary antifungal agent caninclude an isothiazolinone agent, such as methylchloroisothiazolinone,methylisothiazolinone, or a combination thereof.

In a further example, the preventative solution can include an oxidizer.An exemplary oxidizer includes chlorine dioxide. The oxidizer can beincluded in an amount in a range of 0.05 wt % to 2 wt %, such as a rangeof 0.05 wt % to 1 wt %, or a range of 0.1 wt % to 0.5 wt %.

The preventative solution can have a near neutral pH. For example, thepH of the preventative solution can be in a range of 6 to 9, such as arange of 6.8 to 8, or even a range of 6.8 to 7.5. The preventativesolution can optionally include pH control components, such as ammoniumcompounds or phosphates compounds, in an amount in a range of 0.1 wt %to 5 wt %.

The preventative solution is particularly beneficial for preventingodors associated with bacterial growth. While the preventative solutionmay additionally include fragrances or colorants, the preventativesolution may consist essentially of an aqueous solution, awater-miscible or emulsified binding agent, the titanium dioxideparticulate, and optionally a surfactant, which provide advantagesassociated with limiting bacterial growth, reducing malodors caused bybacteria particularly when the coating formed by such a solution isexposed to ultraviolet radiation. As such, the preventative solution isparticularly well adapted for use in automobiles and other surfacesexposed to UV or sunlight.

In another embodiment, an odor neutralizing solution includes an aqueousbase, an organic acid, a surfactant, an organic ester, and ethyleneglycol ether. Optionally, the odor neutralizing solution can include afragrance. In another example, the odor neutralizing solution mayinclude a polymer. Such an odor neutralizing solution may also be usedin spray or aerosol form and may be applied to surfaces.

In an example, the odor neutralizing solution includes an organic acidin an amount of 0.1 wt % to 10 wt % based on the total weight of theodor neutralizing solution. For example, the organic acid may beincluded in the solution in an amount of 0.1 wt % to 8 wt %, such as anamount of 0.5 wt % to 7 wt % or an amount of 4 wt % to 7 wt % based onthe total weight of the odor neutralizing solution. In an alternativeexample, the organic acid may be included in the solution in an amountof 0.5 wt % to 3 wt % based on the total weight of the odor neutralizingsolution. An exemplary organic acid includes ascorbic acid, asparticacid, citric acid, maleic acid, oxalic acid, succinic acid, glycolicacid, lactic acid, malic acid, tartaric acid, glutaric acid, mandelicacid, malonic acid, adipic acid, phthalic acid, or any combinationthereof. In particular, the organic acid may be an alpha hydroxycarboxylic acid, such as a glycolic acid, lactic acid, citric acid,mandelic acid, maleic acid, tartaric acid, or any combination thereof.In a particular example, the organic acid includes citric acid.

The odor neutralizing solution can also include an organic ester in anamount of 0.1 wt % to 10 wt % based on the total weight of the odorneutralizing solution. For example, the organic ester may be included inan amount of 0.1 wt % to 8 wt %, such as an amount of 0.1 wt % to 3.5 wt%, an amount of 0.4 wt % to 3 wt %, or an amount of 0.7 wt % to 2 wt %based on the total weight of the odor neutralizing solution. In aparticular example, the organic ester is a facile organic ester derivedfrom a carboxylic acid having at least 4 carbons. For example, thecarboxylic acid may include 4 to 16 carbons, such as 4 to 10 carbons, or4 to 8 carbons. Further, the organic ester may be a methyl or ethylester of the carboxylic acid.

An exemplary organic ester includes methyl or ethyl butyrate, methyl orethyl salicylate, methyl or ethyl valerate, methyl or ethyl amylate,ethyl or methyl hexanoate esters, or any combination thereof. Suchorganic esters may also be mixed with or alternatively includepropanoate or acetate organic esters. In a particular example, theorganic ester is an aliphatic organic ester, such as a butyrate orhexanoate organic ester. In particular, the organic ester may be abutyrate organic ester. In another example, the organic ester is anaromatic organic ester, such as a salicylate organic ester.Alternatively, the organic ester includes ethyl acetate or ethylpropanoate.

In addition to the organic ester or alternatively, the odor neutralizingsolution can include an aldehyde, such as an alkyl-aldehyde, an aromaticaldehyde, a heterocyclic aldehyde, or any combination thereof. Analkyl-aldehyde is an alkane having an aldehyde functional group. Anaromatic aldehyde includes benzyl or other cyclic carbon compoundsincluding an aldehyde functional group. In a particular example, thearomatic aldehyde is a phenolic aldehyde, such as vanillin,cinnamaldehyde, cilantro, retinal, or any combination thereof. In anexample, a heterocyclic aldehyde includes at least one heterocyclic ringand an aldehyde functional group. For example, a heterocyclic aldehydeincludes pyridoxal.

In an example, the aldehyde can be used in conjunction with theabove-identified organic esters. In another example, the aldehyde can beused in conjunction with propanoate or acetate organic esters. Forexample, the propanoate or acetate organic esters can be used in anamount described above in relation to the organic ester. The aldehyde,whether used in conjunction with an organic ester described above, thepropanoate or acetate organic esters, or alone, can be used in an amountof not greater than 10 wt %, such as not greater than 5 wt %. Forexample, the aldehyde can be used in an amount of 0.1 wt % to 5 wt %,such as an amount of 0.3 wt % to 3 wt %, or an amount of 1 wt % to 3 wt%.

In a further example, the odor neutralizing solution includes asurfactant, such as in an amount of 0.1 wt % to 35 wt % based on thetotal weight of the odor neutralizing solution. For example, thesurfactant may be present in an amount of 0.1 wt % to 10 wt %, such asan amount of 1 wt % to 10 wt %, an amount of 5 wt % to 10 wt %, or anamount of 6 wt % to 9 wt % based on the total weight of the odorneutralizing solution. Alternatively, the surfactant may be present inan amount of 1 wt % to 4 wt %, such as an amount of 1 wt % to 3 wt %based on the total weight of the odor neutralizing solution. Further,the surfactant may be included in amount relative to the organic ester,such as at a ratio of surfactant to organic ester in a range of 1:1 to5:1, such as a range of 2:1 to 5:1, or even a range of 3:1 to 4:1.

In an example, the surfactant includes alpha olefin sulfonate (AOS),aliphatic ether sulfates (AES), alcohol sulfates (AS), linearalkylbenzenesulfonate (LAS), secondary alkyl sulfonate (e.g., Hostapur™SAS 30), ethoxylated alcohols such as Neodol™ or Tamadol™,phenoxypolyethoxylethanol, such as octyl or nonylphenoxypolyethoxylethanol (Tergitol™), alkyl ether phosphonate (e.g.,Surfonic®), a phosphonate anionic surfactant, such aspoly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl)alpha-phosphono-omega-(methylphenoxy)-dipotassium (e.g., Rhodafac™ H66),natural surfactants, or any combination thereof. In an example, thesurfactant is a nonionic surfactant, an anionic surfactant, a polymericsurfactant, a cationic surfactant or any combination thereof. Inparticular, the surfactant may be a nonionic surfactant. An exemplarynonionic surfactant includes ethylene oxide or propylene oxidederivatives, such as an ethoxylate ether surfactant. In a particularexample, the surfactant includes phenoxypolyethoxylethanol, such asoctyl or nonyl phenoxypolyethoxylethanol. In another example, thenonionic surfactant includes ethoxyl-propoxyl terpene, such asRhodoclean™ EFC. In another example, the surfactant is an anionicsurfactant. An exemplary anionic surfactant includes a sulfate orsulfonate surfactant. In an additional example, the surfactant is anatural surfactant, such as a naturally-derived decyl-glucoside sorbitanoleate crosspolymer. In a further example, the surfactant may be acationic surfactant. Some cationic surfactants are effective ateliminating coliform bacteria or neutralize odors. An exemplary cationicsurfactant includes soyethyl morpholinium ethosulfate.

In a further example, the odor neutralizing solution includes ethyleneglycol ether, for example, in an amount of 0.1 wt % to 11 wt % based onthe total weight of the odor neutralizing solution. In particular, theodor neutralizing solution may include the ethylene glycol ether in anamount of 0.5 wt % to 7 wt %, such as in an amount of 1.5 wt % to 5 wt%, or an amount of 1 wt % to 3 wt % based on the total weight of theodor neutralizing solution. The ethylene glycol ether does not includeethers of polyethylene glycols having more than two ethylene glycolunits. For example, the ethylene glycol ether may have a single ethyleneglycol unit. In a particular example, the ethylene glycol ether has anumber of carbons in a range of 3 to 10, such as a range of 4 to 8, or arange of 4 to 6 carbons. An exemplary glycol ether includes ethyleneglycol methyl ether, ethylene glycol ethyl ether, ethylene glycol butylether, ethylene glycol hexyl ether, or any combination thereof.Exemplary ethylene glycol ethers are commonly referred to asCellosolve™.

The odor neutralizing solution may also include a polymer. In anexample, the polymer may be polyethylene glycol, polypropylene glycol,polyvinyl chloride, polyvinyl acetate, partially-hydrolyzed polyvinylacetate, ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer, polyvinyl alcohol, polyestersuch as polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polycarbonate, polyacrylate,acrylic esters, polyacrylonitrile, hydrolyzed polyacrylonitrile,polyolefin such as polyethylene, polypropylene, or blends or copolymersthereof, polyamide such as Nylon, polysiloxanes, polyurethane, a productof polyethylene diamine and adipic acid, or blends or copolymersthereof, or any combination thereof. For example, the polymer may be anacrylic polymer. In another example, the polymer is polyvinyl acetate.In a further example, the polymer is a silicone polymer. In a furtherexample, the polymer is polyurethane. In an additional example, thepolymer is a polyamide. In another example, the polymer is a polyvinylchloride. In an additional example, the polymer is a poly alkyl glycol,such as polyethylene glycol or polypropylene glycol. Further, thepolymer may be a polyolefin, such as polyethylene or polypropylene.

The polymer may be included in an amount not greater than 5 wt %, suchas not greater than 3.5 wt %, not greater than 2.5 wt %, not greaterthan 2 wt %, or even not greater than 1.5 wt % based on the total weightof the odor neutralizing solution. In particular, the polymer may beincluded in an amount of at least 0.1 wt %, such as in a range of 0.1 wt% to 5 wt % based on the total weight of the odor neutralizing solution.

In a further example, the odor neutralizing solution can include anoxidizer. An exemplary oxidizer includes chlorine dioxide. The oxidizercan be included in an amount in a range of 0.01 wt % to 10 wt %, such asa range of 0.01 wt % to 1 wt %, a range of 0.01 wt % to 0.5 wt %, or arange of 0.02 wt % to 0.1 wt %.

In addition, the solution may include a fragrance. The fragrance may beincluded in an amount of not greater than 5 wt %, such as an amount ofnot greater than 2 wt %, not greater than 1 wt %, not greater than 0.7wt %, or even not greater than 0.5 wt %. In a further example, thesolution may include a colorant or dye. For example, the solution mayinclude not greater than 3 wt % of a colorant.

The odor neutralizing solution may also include quaternary ammoniumsalts. An exemplary quaternary ammonium salts includes benzalkoniumchloride, alkyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride, alkyl alkoxyldiethylammonium dihydrogen phosphate, diallyl dimethyl ammonium acetate,or any combination thereof. The quaternary ammonium salt may be includedin amount of not greater than 5 wt %, not greater than 4 wt %, or evennot greater than 3 wt % based on the total weight of the odorneutralizing solution.

It has been found that the odor neutralizing solution is particularlygood at drawing malodorous compounds, such as nitrogenous compounds,away from a surface and binding to them below the surface of a porousmaterial. For example, such malodors can originate from sources such ascooked-fish, pet urine, garbage, smoked-tobacco residue, bathroomsmells, natural alkaloids or other amine sources. While the odorneutralizing solution may include fragrances, the odor neutralizingsolution can consist essentially of a mixture of components that incombination draw malodors away from a surface and bind to them away fromthe surface, such as a combination of an organic acid, a surfactant, anorganic ester, and an ethylene glycol ether, and optionally a polymer.

In an additional embodiment, an aqueous biocidal composition can beused. For example, the biocidal composition can be applied before orafter the preventative solution or the odor neutralizing solution. In anexample, the biocidal composition includes a quaternary ammonium salt,an alcohol, an oxidizer, and optionally surfactant or a pH adjuster.

The aqueous biocidal composition can include quaternary ammonium salts.An exemplary quaternary ammonium salts includes benzalkonium chloride,alkyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride, alkyl alkoxyl diethylammoniumdihydrogen phosphate, diallyl dimethyl ammonium acetate, or anycombination thereof. The quaternary ammonium salt may be included inamount of not greater than 10 wt %, not greater than 8 wt %, or even notgreater than 5 wt % based on the total weight of the preventativesolution. For example, the quaternary ammonium salt can be included inan amount in a range of 0.1 wt % to 5 wt %, such as a range of 0.3 wt %to 2.0 wt %.

In addition, the aqueous biocidal composition can include an alcohol,such as a low molecular weight alcohol. For example, the alcohol mayinclude an alcohol having between 2 and 6 carbons, such as between 2 and4 carbons. In an example, the alcohol is ethanol. In another example,the alcohol is isopropyl alcohol. The alcohol may be present in thesolution in an amount of 0.1 wt % to 5 wt % based on the total weight ofthe preventative solution, such as an amount of 0.5 wt % to 5 wt %, anamount of 0.5 wt % to 3 wt %, or amount of 0.5 wt % to 2 wt % based onthe total weight of the preventative solution.

In a further example, the aqueous biocidal composition can include anoxidizer. An exemplary oxidizer includes chlorine dioxide. The oxidizercan be included in an amount in a range of 0.05 wt % to 2 wt %, such asa range of 0.05 wt % to 1 wt %, or a range of 0.1 wt % to 0.5 wt %.

In a further example, the aqueous biocidal composition includes asurfactant, such as in an amount of 0.1 wt % to 35 wt % based on thetotal weight of the biocidal composition. For example, the surfactantmay be present in an amount of 0.1 wt % to 10 wt %, such as an amount of1 wt % to 10 wt %, an amount of 5 wt % to 10 wt %, or an amount of 6 wt% to 9 wt % based on the total weight of the biocidal composition.Alternatively, the surfactant may be present in an amount of 1 wt % to 4wt %, such as an amount of 1 wt % to 3 wt % based on the total weight ofthe biocidal composition. Further, the surfactant may be included inamount relative to the organic ester, such as at a ratio of surfactantto organic ester in a range of 1:1 to 5:1, such as a range of 2:1 to5:1, or even a range of 3:1 to 4:1.

In an example, the surfactant includes alpha olefin sulfonate (AOS),aliphatic ether sulfates (AES), alcohol sulfates (AS), linearalkylbenzenesulfonate (LAS), secondary alkyl sulfonate (e.g., Hostapur™SAS 30), ethoxylated alcohols such as Neodol™ or Tamadol™,phenoxypolyethoxylethanol, such as octyl or nonylphenoxypolyethoxylethanol (Tergitol™), alkyl ether phosphonate (e.g.,Surfonic®), a phosphonate anionic surfactant, such aspoly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl)alpha-phosphono-omega-(methylphenoxy)-dipotassium (e.g., Rhodafac™ H66),natural surfactants, or any combination thereof. In an example, thesurfactant is a nonionic surfactant, an anionic surfactant, a polymericsurfactant, a cationic surfactant or any combination thereof. Inparticular, the surfactant may be a nonionic surfactant. An exemplarynonionic surfactant includes ethylene oxide or propylene oxidederivatives, such as an ethoxylate ether surfactant. In a particularexample, the surfactant includes phenoxypolyethoxylethanol, such asoctyl or nonyl phenoxypolyethoxylethanol. In another example, thenonionic surfactant includes ethoxyl-propoxyl terpene, such asRhodoclean™ EFC. In another example, the surfactant is an anionicsurfactant. An exemplary anionic surfactant includes a sulfate orsulfonate surfactant. In an additional example, the surfactant is anatural surfactant, such as a naturally-derived decyl-glucoside sorbitanoleate crosspolymer. In a further example, the surfactant may be acationic surfactant. Some cationic surfactants are effective ateliminating coliform bacteria or neutralize odors. An exemplary cationicsurfactant includes soyethyl morpholinium ethosulfate.

In addition, the aqueous biocidal composition can include a pH adjuster,such as an acid, base, or salt thereof. In a particular example, the pHadjuster can be a bicarbonate. For example, the pH adjuster can beincluded in an amount of 0.1% to 10% by weight, such as an amount of0.1% to 5% or an amount of 0.2% to 3% by weight.

In an additional embodiment, an aqueous insecticidal composition can beused. For example, the insecticidal composition can be applied before orafter the preventative solution or the odor neutralizing solution. In anexample, the insecticidal composition includes a quaternary ammoniumsalt, an alcohol, an oxidizer, and optionally surfactant or a pHadjuster.

The aqueous insecticidal composition can include quaternary ammoniumsalts. An exemplary quaternary ammonium salts includes benzalkoniumchloride, alkyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride, alkyl alkoxyldiethylammonium dihydrogen phosphate, diallyl dimethyl ammonium acetate,or any combination thereof. The quaternary ammonium salt may be includedin amount of not greater than 10 wt %, not greater than 8 wt %, or evennot greater than 5 wt % based on the total weight of the preventativesolution. For example, the quaternary ammonium salt can be included inan amount in a range of 0.1 wt % to 5 wt %, such as a range of 0.3 wt %to 4.0 wt %.

In a further example, the aqueous insecticidal composition can includean insecticide. An exemplary insecticide includes boric acid. Theinsecticide can be included in an amount in a range of 0.05 wt % to 5 wt%, such as a range of 0.05 wt % to 3 wt %, or a range of 0.1 wt % to 2.5wt %.

In a further example, the insecticidal composition includes a surfactantor solubilizer, such as in an amount of 0.1 wt % to 35 wt % based on thetotal weight of the insecticidal composition. For example, thesurfactant may be present in an amount of 0.1 wt % to 10 wt %, such asan amount of 1 wt % to 10 wt %, an amount of 5 wt % to 10 wt %, or anamount of 6 wt % to 9 wt % based on the total weight of the insecticidalcomposition. Alternatively, the surfactant may be present in an amountof 1 wt % to 4 wt %, such as an amount of 1 wt % to 3 wt % based on thetotal weight of the insecticidal composition. Further, the surfactantmay be included in amount relative to the organic ester, such as at aratio of surfactant to organic ester in a range of 1:1 to 5:1, such as arange of 2:1 to 5:1, or even a range of 3:1 to 4:1.

In an example, the surfactant includes alpha olefin sulfonate (AOS),aliphatic ether sulfates (AES), alcohol sulfates (AS), linearalkylbenzenesulfonate (LAS), secondary alkyl sulfonate (e.g., Hostapur™SAS 30), ethoxylated alcohols such as Neodol™ or Tamadol™,phenoxypolyethoxylethanol, such as octyl or nonylphenoxypolyethoxylethanol (Tergitol™), alkyl ether phosphonate (e.g.,Surfonic®), a phosphonate anionic surfactant, such aspoly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl)alpha-phosphono-omega-(methylphenoxy)-dipotassium (e.g., Rhodafac™ H66),polyethylene glycol (PEG) esters derived from oils (e.g., JeechemFS-102), natural surfactants, or any combination thereof. In an example,the surfactant is a nonionic surfactant, an anionic surfactant, apolymeric surfactant, a cationic surfactant or any combination thereof.In particular, the surfactant may be a nonionic surfactant. An exemplarynonionic surfactant includes ethylene oxide or propylene oxidederivatives, such as an ethoxylate ether surfactant. In a particularexample, the surfactant includes phenoxypolyethoxylethanol, such asoctyl or nonyl phenoxypolyethoxylethanol. In another example, thenonionic surfactant includes ethoxyl-propoxyl terpene, such asRhodoclean™ EFC. In an additional example, the surfactant includes PEGesters of hydrogenated natural oils, such as PEG esters of hydrogenatescastor oil. In another example, the surfactant is an anionic surfactant.An exemplary anionic surfactant includes a sulfate or sulfonatesurfactant. In an additional example, the surfactant is a naturalsurfactant, such as a naturally-derived decyl-glucoside sorbitan oleatecrosspolymer. In a further example, the surfactant may be a cationicsurfactant. Some cationic surfactants are effective at eliminatingcoliform bacteria or neutralize odors. An exemplary cationic surfactantincludes soyethyl morpholinium ethosulfate.

In addition, the aqueous insecticidal composition can includeglutaraldehyde in an amount of 0.01% to 5%, such as an amount of 0.05%to 2%, or an amount of 0.1% to 2% by weight.

Further, the aqueous insecticidal composition can include insectrepellants, such as natural oils. For example, the insect repellant caninclude citronella, lemongrass, thyme, neem, cedar wood, tea tree,peppermint, or a combination thereof. The repellant can be included inan amount of 0.01% to 5%, such as an amount of 0.05% to 4% or an amountof 0.01% to 3% by weight.

Any one of the preventative solution, the odor neutralizing solutions,the biocidal composition, or the insecticidal composition can be appliedas a spritz, aerosol or fog. Alternatively, the preventative solution,the odor neutralizing solutions, the biocidal composition, or theinsecticidal composition can be applied using cloth or sponge. Forexample, the solution or composition can be included in a spray bottle,as illustrated in FIG. 1, or can be included in a pressurized aerosolcan, as illustrated in FIG. 2. The spray bottle illustrated in FIG. 1 isan ambient pressure spray bottle that, when motivated, forces theaqueous solution through a nozzle causing a spray that may be applied toa surface.

In another example, the solutions or the compositions may be included inan aerosol pressurized can as illustrated in FIG. 2. The solution may bemaintained under pressure by employing compressed propellant gases suchas propane, nitrogen, fluorocarbon, or other gases, or any combinationthereof.

The preventative solution may be applied to hard surfaces such asnatural stone countertops, including granite or marble countertops,Micarta or other vinyl finishes, glass surfaces, or polymeric surfaces.In another example, the preventative solution may be applied to drapes,fabrics, carpeting, upholstery, clothes, bedding, or other articles andsurfaces. In particular, the preventative solution may be applied tosurfaces found on the interiors of automobiles. In a further example,the preventative solution may be applied to furniture, workbenches, orother hard surfaces. Further, the preventative solution can be used in amedical facility, such as a hospital, emergency room, or clinic.

The odor neutralizing solution, biocidal composition, or insecticidalcomposition may also be applied on various surfaces. It has been foundthat the odor neutralizing solution is particularly beneficial for usewith surfaces that are porous as the odor neutralizing solution can trapor bind to malodorous compounds, such as amine compounds, and transportthem away from a surface into a porous material. In particular, the odorneutralizing solution is particularly advantageous at treating clothseats, carpets, overhead materials, and other surfaces within anautomobile. Further, it is capable of neutralizing malodorous amines orother nuisance nitrogenous odors (including fish odors, latent tobaccoamines and alkaloids). Amine odor sources may include marine-originatingfood odors, pet odors, odors that arise from slow-release ofsubstance-entrained components in fabrics contaminated by use ofember-type tobacco products, such as cigarettes or cigars, garbage,trash, bathroom emissions or other nitrogenous sources of odor.

PREVENTATIVE SOLUTION EXAMPLES Example 1

Mix titanium dioxide crystal colloid liquid at neutral pH with anemulsified polymer. Mix thoroughly and apply to any hard surface, orcloth, fabric, upholstery or other surface. The mixing ratios ofingredients are 2% TiO₂ colloid liquid, 9% emulsified polymer, 1% lightalcohol (ethyl or IPA) and 88% water.

Example 2

Mix titanium dioxide crystal colloid liquid at neutral pH with anemulsified polymer. Mix thoroughly and apply to any hard surface, orcloth, fabric, upholstery or other surface. The mixing ratios ofingredients are 3% TiO₂ colloid liquid, 10% emulsified polymer, 1% lightalcohol (ethyl or IPA) and 86% water.

Example 3

Mix titanium dioxide crystal colloid liquid at pH of 8.0 (adjusted withbicarbonate) with emulsified polymer. Mix thoroughly and apply to anyhard surface, or cloth, fabric, upholstery or other surface. The mixingratios of ingredients are 2% TiO₂ colloid liquid, 9% emulsified polymer,1% light alcohol (ethyl or IPA) and 88% water.

Example 4

Add titanium dioxide crystal colloid liquid at pH of 9.0 (adjusted withsodium bicarbonate) to emulsified polymer. Mix thoroughly and apply toany hard surface, or cloth, fabric, upholstery or other surface. Themixing ratios of ingredients are 2% TiO₂ colloid liquid, 9% emulsifiedpolymer, 1% light alcohol (ethyl or IPA) and 88% water.

Example 5

Mix titanium dioxide crystal colloid liquid preferably “S5-300B,” at pHof 9.5 (adjusted with sodium carbonate) with emulsified polymer. Mixthoroughly and apply to any hard surface, or cloth, fabric, upholsteryor other surface. The mixing ratios of ingredients are 2% TiO₂ colloidliquid, 9% emulsified polymer, 1% light alcohol (ethyl or IPA) and 88%water.

Example 6

Add titanium dioxide crystal colloid liquid, which is approximately 18%active, at neutral pH to emulsified polymer. Mix thoroughly and apply toany hard surface, or cloth, fabric, upholstery or other surface. Themixing ratios of ingredients are 4% TiO₂ colloid liquid, 9% emulsifiedpolymer, 1% light alcohol (ethyl or IPA) and 86% water.

Example 7

Add emulsified polymer to the titanium dioxide crystal colloid liquid,which is approximately 18% active. Do so at neutral pH. Apply mixture toany hard surface, cloth, fabric, upholstery or other surface. The mixingratios of ingredients are 4% TiO₂ colloid liquid, 9% emulsified polymer,1% light alcohol (ethyl or IPA) and 86% water.

Example 8

Mix titanium dioxide crystal colloid liquid, at neutral pH withemulsified PEG polymer. The mixing ratios of ingredients are 2% TiO₂colloid liquid, 9% emulsified polymer, 1% light alcohol (ethyl or IPA)and 88% water.

Example 9

Mix titanium dioxide crystal colloid liquid at neutral pH withemulsified PPG (polypropylene glycol) polymer. The mixing ratios ofingredients are 2% TiO₂ colloid liquid, 9% emulsified polymer, 1% lightalcohol (ethyl or IPA) and 88% water.

Example 10

Add emulsified polymer, such as polyacrylic emulsion, to 18%-activetitanium dioxide colloid liquid at a pH of between 7.0 and 8.0. Applymixture to any surface area. The mixing ratios of ingredients are 3%TiO₂ colloid liquid, 10% of the emulsified polyacrylic, 1% light alcohol(ethyl or IPA) and 86% water.

Example 11

Add emulsified polymer, such as polyacrylic emulsion, to 18%-activetitanium dioxide colloid liquid at a pH of 9.0. Apply mixture to anysurface area. The mixing ratios of ingredients are 3% TiO₂ colloidliquid, 10% of the emulsified polyacrylic, 1% light alcohol (ethyl orIPA) and 86% water.

Example 12

Mix titanium dioxide crystal colloid liquid at neutral pH withemulsified polymer. Mix thoroughly and apply to any hard surface, orcloth, fabric, upholstery or other surface. The mixing ratios ofingredients are 4% TiO₂ colloid liquid, 15% emulsified polymer, 1% lightalcohol (ethyl or IPA) and 80% water.

Example 13

Mix titanium dioxide crystal colloid liquid at neutral pH withemulsified polymer. Mix thoroughly and apply to any hard surface, orcloth, fabric, upholstery or other surface. The mixing ratios ofingredients are 6% TiO₂ colloid liquid, 8% emulsified polymer, 4% lightalcohol (ethyl or IPA) and 82% water.

EXAMPLE 14.

Mix titanium dioxide crystal colloid liquid at pH of 12.0 withemulsified PPG (polypropylene glycol) polymer. The mixing ratios ofingredients are 2% TiO₂ colloid liquid, 9% emulsified polymer, 1% lightalcohol (ethyl or IPA) and 88% water.

Example 15

Mix titanium dioxide crystal colloid liquid at pH of 12.0 withemulsified polymer. Mix thoroughly and apply to any hard surface, orcloth, fabric, upholstery or other surface. The mixing ratios ofingredients are 2% TiO₂ colloid liquid, 9% emulsified polymer, 1% lightalcohol (ethyl or IPA) and 88% water.

Example 16

Mix titanium dioxide crystal colloid liquid at neutral pH withemulsified polymer. Mix thoroughly and apply to any hard surface, orcloth, fabric, upholstery or other surface. The mixing ratios ofingredients are 6% TiO₂ colloid liquid, 12% emulsified polymer, 4% lightalcohol (ethyl or IPA) and 78% water.

Example 17

Mix titanium dioxide crystal colloid liquid at neutral pH withemulsified polymer. Mix thoroughly and apply to any hard surface, orcloth, fabric, upholstery or other surface. The mixing ratios ofingredients are 6% TiO₂ colloid liquid, 14% emulsified polymer, 5% lightalcohol (ethyl or IPA) and 75% water.

Example 18

Add emulsified polymer, such as PEG emulsion, to 18%-active titaniumdioxide colloid liquid at a pH of between 7.0 and 8.0. Apply mixture toany surface area. The mixing ratios of ingredients are 3% TiO₂ colloidliquid as detailed above, 10% of the emulsified PEG, 1% light alcohol(ethyl or IPA) and 86% water.

Example 19

Add emulsified polymer, such as PPG (polypropylene glycol) polyacryliccopolymer emulsion, to 18%-active titanium dioxide colloid liquid aneutral pH. Apply mixture to any surface area. The mixing ratios ofingredients are 3% TiO₂ colloid liquid as detailed above, 10% of theemulsified polyacrylic, 1% light alcohol (ethyl or IPA) and 86% water.

Example 20

Mix titanium dioxide crystal colloid liquid at a pH of 9.5 withemulsified polymer. Mixing ratios of ingredients are 4% TiO₂ colloidliquid, 15% emulsified polymer, 1% light alcohol (ethyl or IPA) and 80%water.

Example 21

Mix titanium dioxide crystal colloid liquid at pH 10.0 with emulsifiedlatex polyamide. The mixing ratios of ingredients are 6% TiO₂ colloidliquid, 8% emulsified polymer, 4% light alcohol (ethyl or IPA) and 82%water.

Example 22

Mix titanium dioxide crystal colloid liquid at pH of 12.0 withemulsified polyamide. The mixing ratios of ingredients are 2% TiO₂colloid liquid, 9% emulsified polyamide, 1% IPA (isopropyl alcohol) and88% water.

Example 23

Add emulsified polymer, such as PVA (partially hydrolyzed polyvinylacetate) emulsion, to 18%-active titanium dioxide colloid liquid at a pHof between 7.0 and 8.0. Apply mixture to any surface area. The mixingratios of ingredients are 3% TiO₂ colloid liquid, 10% of the emulsifiedPVA, 1% light alcohol (ethyl or IPA) and 86% water.

Example 24

The preventative solution of Example 10 is applied to surfaces andtested for activity against bacterial growth. After 17 minutes underuniform artificial light (254 nm), the bacteria levels are measured inrelative light units (RLUs). As illustrated in FIG. 3, the treatedsurfaces exhibit significantly lower bacterial activity. Similar resultsare seen when measured in lumens, as illustrated in FIG. 4.

Elimination of bacteria is measured based on the presence of adenosinetriphosphate (ATP). As illustrated in FIG. 5, the number of bacterialcolonies is significantly fewer when treated with the preventativesolution.

ODOR NEUTRALIZING SOLUTION EXAMPLES Example 1

An aqueous mix of ethyl butyrate and Tergitol® in effective emulsifyingproportions (between 3:1 and 4:1 Tergitol®:ethyl butyrate) with aquaternary ammonium salt and a fragrance is formed.

Example 2

An aqueous mix of methyl salicylate and Tergitol® in effectiveemulsifying proportions (between 3:1 and 4:1 Tergitol®:methylsalicylate) with a quaternary ammonium salt and a fragrance is formed.

Example 3

A mixture of ethyl butyrate, or methyl butyrate, and C-550 in effectiveemulsifying proportions (between 3:1 and 4:1 C-550:ethyl butyrate) isprepared. A second solution is prepared to also include a quaternaryammonium salt and a fragrance.

Example 4

The aqueous mix of methyl butyrate and alcohol sulfate in effectiveemulsifying proportions (between 3:1 and 4:1 alcohol sulfate:methylbutyrate) is prepared.

Example 5

An aqueous mix of ethyl valerate and methyl ester sulfonate in effectiveemulsifying proportions (between 3:1 and 4:1 methyl estersulfonate:ethyl valerate) is prepared. A second solution is prepared toalso include a quaternary ammonium salt or a fragrance.

Example 6

An aqueous mix of methyl butyrate and Tergitol® in effective emulsifyingproportions (between 3:1 and 4:1 Tergitol®:methyl butyrate) is prepared.A second solution is prepared to additionally include a quaternaryammonium salt ingredient and a fragrance.

Example 7

An aqueous mix of methyl butyrate and alcohol sulfate in effectiveemulsifying proportions (between 3:1 and 4:1 alcohol sulfate:methylbutyrate) is prepared.

Example 8

An aqueous mix of ethyl amylate and succinate surfactant (between 3:1and 4:1 succinate surfactant:ethyl amylate) is prepared.

Example 9

Mix of an organic ester and a surfactant selected from AOS, AS AES, LAS,Neodol, Surfonic, Tergitol, or Naturals is prepared. A second solutionis prepared to additionally include a quaternary ammonium saltingredient or a fragrance.

Example 10

A solution is prepared that includes the mixture of Example 9 andpropionate and acetate derivatives.

Example 11

An aqueous mix of methyl butyrate and alcohol sulfate in effectiveemulsifying proportions (between 3:1 and 4:1 alcohol:methyl butyrate) isprepared.

Example 12

Propionate and acetate derivatives are mixed with methyl butyrate andTomadol™ in effective emulsifying proportions. A second solution isprepared to also include a quaternary ammonium salt ingredient or afragrance.

Example 13

A mixture of ethyl butyrate, or methyl butyrate, and C-550 in effectiveemulsifying proportions (between 3:1 and 4:1 C-550:methyl/ethylbutyrate) is prepared. As second solution is prepared to also include aquaternary ammonium salt ingredient or a fragrance.

Example 14

An aqueous mix of ethyl amylate and MES (between 3:1 and 4:1 MES:ethylamylate) is prepared. A second solution is prepared to also include aquaternary ammonium salt or a fragrance.

Example 15

A water mix of methyl salicylate, or similar ester, and surfactant isprepared.

Example 16

An aqueous mix of butyrate or hexanoate esters with alcohol sulfate ineffective emulsifying proportions (between 3:1 and 4:1 alcoholsulfate:butyrate or hexanoate) is prepared.

Example 17

A mixture including hexanoate and propionate and acetate derivatives areprepared.

Example 18

An aqueous mix of AES or AS and low-molecular weight organic acid estersis prepared.

Example 19

An aqueous mix of esters and a cationic surfactant in effectiveemulsifying proportions (between 3:1 and 4:1 cationic surfactant:organicester), a quaternary ammonium salt ingredient and a fragrance isprepared.

Example 20

A mixture of an organic ester, a surfactant and a colorant is prepared.

Example 21

A solution is prepared to include the solution of Example 1 and acellosolve ether.

Example 22

A solution is prepared to include the solution of Example 2 and aCellosolve ether.

Example 23

A solution is prepared to include the solution of Example 3 and aCellosolve ether.

Example 24

A solution is prepared to include the solution of Example 4 and aCellosolve ether.

Example 25

A solution is prepared to include the solution of Example 5 and aCellosolve ether.

Example 26

A solution is prepared to include the solution of Example 6 and aCellosolve ether.

Example 27

A solution is prepared that includes an aqueous base, 5 wt % citricacid, 3 wt % ethyl butyrate, 9 wt % Tergitol, 3 wt % Cellosolve, 0.3 wt% fragrance, 0.75 wt % of an acrylate polymer, and 0.4 wt % dye.

Example 28

A solution is prepared that includes an aqueous base, 5 wt % citricacid, 3 wt % ethyl acetate, 3 wt % aldehyde, 9 wt % Tergitol, 3 wt %Cellosolve, 0.3 wt % fragrance, 0.75 wt % of an acrylate polymer, and0.4 wt % dye.

Example 29

A solution is prepared that includes an aqueous base, 5 wt % citricacid, 3 wt % ethyl butyrate, 3 wt % aldehyde, 9 wt % Tergitol, 3 wt %Cellosolve, 0.3 wt % fragrance, 0.75 wt % of an acrylate polymer, and0.4 wt % dye.

In a further example, the solutions can be applied through a fogger togenerate a fog of droplets. The fogger can be operated manually,automatically, or semi-automatically. In a particular example, a foggerdevice, such as illustrated in FIG. 6, can be used. The fogger devicecan include two or more containers (602, 604, or 606), such as at leastthree containers to store solutions. The fogger 610 can generate a fogfrom each of the solutions having a droplet size in the range of 0.1micrometers to 100 micrometers, such as a range of 0.1 micrometers to 50micrometers, or even a range of 1 micrometer to 20 micrometers. Forexample, the fogger can use an ultrasonic fog generator, such as apiezoelectric fog generator.

A controller 608 can be programmed to sequentially fog one or more ofthe solutions for a period of time using a fogger 610 coupled to thecontroller 608 and in fluid communication with the containers (602, 604,or 606). For example, the controller 608 can be programmed to fog aselect solution for a select period of time. In another example, thecontroller 608 can be programmed to generate fog based on moisture(e.g., humidity), either separately or in cooperation with timing. Forexample, the controller 608 can be programmed to maintain a humidity ofgreater than 80%, such as greater than 90%, or even greater than 95%,for a select period of time using a select solution. The order, timing,and humidity can be set using input to the controller 608.

In a particular example, an odor neutralizing solution 602 can be foggedfor a first period of time. The odor neutralizing solution can have thecomposition described above. Subsequently, a disinfectant solution 604,such as the biocidal composition or the insecticidal composition, can befogged for a second period of time, followed by fogging of thepreventative solution 606 for a third period of time. The disinfectantsolution 604 can include an oxidizer and quaternary ammonium, such asdescribed above and may or may not be used in the amounts describedabove. The preventative solution 606 can have the composition describedabove. In an example, the length of fogging any of the solutions can bedetermined based on the size of the space (volume or area) to betreated. For example, each of the solutions can be fogged for a periodin a range of 1 minute to 1 hour, such as a range of 5 minutes to 30minutes or a range of 10 minutes to 30 minutes.

In a first aspect, a preventative solution includes an aqueous base, 1wt % to 6 wt % titanium dioxide having an average particle size of notgreater than 100 nm, 0.5 wt % to 20 wt % alcohol having 2 to 4 carbons,and 3 wt % to 15 wt % of a binding agent.

In an example of the first aspect, the average particle size is notgreater than 60 nm. In another example, the average particle size is atleast 3 nm.

In a further example of the first aspect and the above examples,titanium dioxide is included in an amount of 2 wt % to 6 wt %.

In an additional example of the first aspect and the above examples, thealcohol includes isopropyl alcohol.

In another example of the first aspect and the above examples, thebinding agent includes a wax.

In a further example of the first aspect and the above examples, the waxincludes a fatty acid ester of a sterol.

In an additional example of the first aspect and the above examples, thebinding agent includes a polymer.

In another example of the first aspect and the above examples, thebinding agent is included in an amount in a range of 8 wt % to 15 wt %.

In a further example of the first aspect and the above examples, thepreventative solution further includes a surfactant in an amount of 0.3wt % to 9 wt %. For example, the surfactant can include a monoether ofpolyethylene glycol. In particular, the polyethylene glycol can includebetween 3 and 10 ethylene glycol units.

In an additional example of the first aspect and the above examples, thepreventative solution further includes a quaternary ammonium salt in anamount in a range of 0.1 wt % to 2 wt %.

In another example of the first aspect and the above examples, thepreventative solution further includes an oxidizer in an amount in arange of 0.05 wt % to 2 wt %. For example, the oxidizer can includechlorine dioxide.

In a further example of the first aspect and the above examples, thepreventative solution further includes an antifungal agent in an amountin a range of 0.01 wt % to 0.5 wt %.

In a second aspect, a preventative solution includes an aqueous base, 1wt % to 6 wt % titanium dioxide having an average particle size of notgreater than 100 nm, 0.5 wt % to 20 wt % alcohol having between 2 and 4carbons, 3 wt % to 15 wt % wax binding agent, the wax comprising a fattyacid ester of a sterol, 0.3 wt % to 9 wt % surfactant comprising amonoether of a polyethylene glycol having between 3 and 10 ethyleneglycol units, 0.1 wt % to 2 wt % quaternary ammonium salt, 0.01 wt % to0.5 wt % isothiazolinone agent, and 0.05 wt % to 2 wt % chlorinedioxide.

In a third aspect, a method of treating an area includes fogging adisinfectant solution using the automated aerosolizing device for afirst period of time. The disinfectant solution includes an oxidizer andquaternary ammonium salt. The method further includes fogging apreventative solution using an automated aerosolizing device for asubsequent second period of time. The preventative solution includes anaqueous base, 1 wt % to 6 wt % titanium dioxide having an averageparticle size of not greater than 100 nm, 0.5 wt % to 20 wt % alcoholhaving between 2 and 4 carbons, 3 wt % to 15 wt % wax binding agent, thewax comprising a fatty acid ester of a sterol, and 0.3 wt % to 9 wt %surfactant comprising a monoether of a polyethylene glycol havingbetween 3 and 10 ethylene glycol units.

In an example of the third aspect, the preventative solution furtherincludes 0.1 wt % to 2 wt % quaternary ammonium salt, 0.01 wt % to 0.5wt % isothiazolinone agent, and 0.05 wt % to 2 wt % chlorine dioxide.

In another example of the third aspect and the above example, the methodfurther includes fogging an odor neutralizer solution prior to foggingthe disinfectant solution. The odor neutralizer solution includes anaqueous base, 0.1 wt % to 10 wt % of an organic acid, 0.1 wt % to 35 wt% of a surfactant, 0.1 wt % to 10 wt % of an organic ester, and 0.1 wt %to 11 wt % of an ethylene glycol ether.

In another aspect, a method treating an area includes fogging an odorneutralizing solution using an automated aerosolizing device for a firstperiod of time. The odor neutralizing solution includes an aqueous base;0.1 wt % to 10 wt % of an organic acid; 0.1 wt % to 35 wt % of a firstsurfactant; and 0.1 wt % to 10 wt % of an organic ester derived from acarboxylic acid having at least 4 carbons. The method further includesfogging a preventative solution using an automated aerosolizing devicefor a subsequent second period of time. The preventative solutionincludes an aqueous base; 1 wt % to 6 wt % titanium dioxide having anaverage particle size of not greater than 100 nm; 0.5 wt % to 20 wt %alcohol having 2 to 4 carbons; a second surfactant in an amount of 0.3wt % to 9 wt %; and a quaternary ammonium salt in an amount of 0.1 wt %to 2 wt %.

In an example of the above aspects, the odor neutralizing solutionfurther includes 0.1 wt % to 11 wt % of an ethylene glycol ether.

In another example of the above aspects and examples, the odorneutralizing solution includes the organic acid in an amount of 0.1 wt %to 10 wt %.

In a further example of the above aspects and examples, the organic acidincludes ascorbic acid, aspartic acid, citric acid, maleic acid, oxalicacid, succinic acid, glycolic acid, lactic acid, malic acid, tartaricacid, glutaric acid, mandelic acid, malonic acid, adipic acid, phthalicacid, or any combination thereof.

In an additional example of the above aspects and examples, the organicacid is citric acid.

In another example of the above aspects and examples, the odorneutralizing solution includes the first surfactant in an amount of 1 wt% to 10 wt %.

In a further example of the above aspects and examples, the firstsurfactant is a nonionic surfactant. For example, the nonionicsurfactant includes an ethoxylate surfactant.

In an additional example of the above aspects and examples, the firstsurfactant is an anionic surfactant.

In another example of the above aspects and examples, the carboxylicacid includes 4 to 10 carbons.

In a further example of the above aspects and examples, the odorneutralizing solution further includes not greater than 5 wt % of apolymer.

In an additional the method further comprises fogging a sanitizingsolution comprising 0.1 wt % to 2 wt % quaternary ammonium salt; 0.01 wt% to 0.5 wt % isothiozolinone agent; and 0.05 wt % to 2 wt % chlorinedioxide.

In another example of the above aspects and examples, the averageparticle size is not greater than 60 nm.

In a further example of the above aspects and examples, the alcoholincludes isopropyl alcohol.

In an additional example of the above aspects and examples, thepreventative solution further includes a binding agent wax.

In another example of the above aspects and examples, the preventativesolution further includes a binding agent polymer.

In a further example of the above aspects and examples, the preventativesolution includes a binding agent in an amount of 0.5 wt % to 3 wt %.

In an additional example of the above aspects and examples, the secondsurfactant includes a monoester of polyethylene glycol.

In another example of the above aspects and examples, the preventativesolution further includes an oxidizer in an amount in a range of 0.05 wt% to 2 wt %.

In a further example of the above aspects and examples, the oxidizerincludes chlorine dioxide.

Note that not all of the activities described above in the generaldescription or the examples are required, that a portion of a specificactivity may not be required, and that one or more further activitiesmay be performed in addition to those described. Still further, theorders in which activities are listed are not necessarily the order inwhich they are performed.

In the foregoing specification, the concepts have been described withreference to specific embodiments. However, one of ordinary skill in theart appreciates that various modifications and changes can be madewithout departing from the scope of the invention as set forth in theclaims below. Accordingly, the specification and figures are to beregarded in an illustrative rather than a restrictive sense, and allsuch modifications are intended to be included within the scope ofinvention.

As used herein, the terms “comprises,” “comprising,” “includes,”“including,” “has,” “having” or any other variation thereof, areintended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion. For example, a process,method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of features is notnecessarily limited only to those features but may include otherfeatures not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method,article, or apparatus. Further, unless expressly stated to the contrary,“or” refers to an inclusive-or and not to an exclusive-or. For example,a condition A or B is satisfied by any one of the following: A is true(or present) and B is false (or not present), A is false (or notpresent) and B is true (or present), and both A and B are true (orpresent).

Also, the use of “a” or “an” are employed to describe elements andcomponents described herein. This is done merely for convenience and togive a general sense of the scope of the invention. This descriptionshould be read to include one or at least one and the singular alsoincludes the plural unless it is obvious that it is meant otherwise.

Benefits, other advantages, and solutions to problems have beendescribed above with regard to specific embodiments. However, thebenefits, advantages, solutions to problems, and any feature(s) that maycause any benefit, advantage, or solution to occur or become morepronounced are not to be construed as a critical, required, or essentialfeature of any or all the claims.

After reading the specification, skilled artisans will appreciate thatcertain features are, for clarity, described herein in the context ofseparate embodiments, may also be provided in combination in a singleembodiment. Conversely, various features that are, for brevity,described in the context of a single embodiment, may also be providedseparately or in any subcombination. Further, references to valuesstated in ranges include each and every value within that range.

What is claimed is:
 1. A method of treating an area, the methodcomprising: fogging an odor neutralizing solution using an automatedaerosolizing device for a first period of time, the odor neutralizingsolution including: an aqueous base; 0.1 wt % to 10 wt % of an organicacid; 0.1 wt % to 35 wt % of a first surfactant; and 0.1 wt % to 10 wt %of an organic ester derived from a carboxylic acid having at least 4carbons; and fogging a preventative solution using an automatedaerosolizing device for a subsequent second period of time, thepreventative solution comprising: an aqueous base; 1 wt % to 6 wt %titanium dioxide having an average particle size of not greater than 100nm; 0.5 wt % to 20 wt % alcohol having 2 to 4 carbons; a secondsurfactant in an amount of 0.3 wt % to 9 wt %; and a quaternary ammoniumsalt in an amount of 0.1 wt % to 2 wt %.
 2. The method of claim 1,wherein the odor neutralizing solution further includes 0.1 wt % to 11wt % of an ethylene glycol ether.
 3. The method of claim 1, wherein theodor neutralizing solution includes the organic acid in an amount of 0.1wt % to 10 wt %.
 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the organic acidincludes ascorbic acid, aspartic acid, citric acid, maleic acid, oxalicacid, succinic acid, glycolic acid, lactic acid, malic acid, tartaricacid, glutaric acid, mandelic acid, malonic acid, adipic acid, phthalicacid, or any combination thereof.
 5. The method of claim 4, wherein theorganic acid is citric acid.
 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the odorneutralizing solution includes the first surfactant in an amount of 1 wt% to 10 wt %.
 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the first surfactant isa nonionic surfactant.
 8. The method of claim 7, wherein the nonionicsurfactant includes an ethoxylate surfactant.
 9. The method of claim 1,wherein the first surfactant is an anionic surfactant.
 10. The method ofclaim 1, wherein the carboxylic acid includes 4 to 10carbons.
 11. Themethod of claim 1, wherein the odor neutralizing solution furtherincludes at least 0.1 wt. % and not greater than 5 wt. % of a polymer.12. The method of claim 1, further comprising fogging a sanitizingsolution comprising: 0.1 wt % to 2 wt % quaternary ammonium salt; 0.01wt % to 0.5 wt % isothiozolinone agent; and 0.05 wt % to 2 wt % chlorinedioxide.
 13. The method of claim 1, wherein the average particle size isnot greater than 60 nm.
 14. The method of claim 1, wherein the alcoholincludes isopropyl alcohol.
 15. The method of claim 1, wherein thepreventative solution further includes a binding agent wax.
 16. Themethod of claim 1, wherein the preventative solution further includes abinding agent polymer.
 17. The method of claim 1, wherein thepreventative solution includes a binding agent in an amount of 0.5 wt %to 3 wt %.
 18. The method of claim 1, wherein the second surfactantincludes a monoester of polyethylene glycol.
 19. The method of claim 1,wherein the preventative solution further includes an oxidizer in anamount in a range of 0.05 wt % to 2wt %.
 20. The method of claim 19,wherein the oxidizer includes chlorine dioxide.